PRIDE OF A NATION

1818 INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE (UDARATA MAHA KARELLA) Sri Lanka was exposed to the Western in 1505 with the advent of Portuguese, later Dutch and English  respectively. Out of all three western nations English ruled Ceylon nearly 130 years. English  came 1796, with the invitation of Udarata King English came to chase away Dutch. But something unexpected happened. Ceylon became a British colony. In year 1815, English concurred whole country, by way of famous 'Udarata Givisuma'. It was consisted with 12 articles. Breaking the promises English infringed it in broad daylight. Buddhism and Buddhist monks were neglected. This was a big struck. Many were not pleased with English administration, this displeasure soon converted in to a struggle for independence. Seeds of the struggle came from Wellassa and later spreaded. Apart from these reasons, appointment of Muslim Muhandiram called "Hajji Marikkar" to Wellassa was the closest  for 1818 struggle. His appoin

  Kingship and governance in old Ceylon PART II POLONNARUWA, DAMBADENIYA TO KANDY Though Anuradapara kingdom has  no specifically designed fortress, or protective creations, it survived nearly thousand years. " Raja Raja and Rajendra's " great invasion paved the way to change the kingdom. Polonnaruwa named as second kingdom of old Ceylon accordingly.  Polonnaruwa" alias "Pulathisipura" too existed considerable period of time. I Vijayabahu fought and won  against "Raja Raja and Rajendra" Dravidians who came from South India.  I Vijayabahu   was protected by a rural village headman called "Buddaraja alias Budalna" Later defeated Cholas. After unifying the country he had to renovate all the tanks devastated by Cholas. (Chola is mainly a rural state in South India, always invaded Ceylon whenever they become powerful ) His whole time was allocated for renovations. His foreign policy is note worthy. It was a great strategy used by the